Exam Capsule- Quick Revision Notes -Phycology (Algae) microbiologystudy

Exam Capsule- Quick Revision Notes -Phycology

  •  Xanthophyceae – Oil
  • Chrysophyceae -Fat and leucosin
  • Mannitol and laminarin-Phaeophyceae
  • Bacillariophyceae -Fat and volutin

Thallus Structure in Algae

—–

  • Many
    Rhodophyceae
    members
    can achieve high degree of thallus development. But some of them are
    unicellular.
  • Unicellular red algae : Porphyridium and Chroothece
  • Algal group containing oil, lipid and lucosin
    as the reserved food
    materials:
    Xanthophycophyta
  • Laminarin-
    Reserve food in Phaeophyceae
  • MOP
    Iyengar – Fampous Indian Phcologist
  • Sea
    lettuce:
    Ulva
  • Reticulate
    Chloroplast:
    Oedogonium,
    Spirogyra , Hydrodictyon.
  • Mitochondria are absent in Blue
    green algae
  • Alga with unbranched thallus: Zygnema
  • Pandorina belongs Volvocales
  • Palmella stage – Volvox
  • Gongrosira-Vaucheria
  • Chantansia- Bactrachospermum
  • Zygotic meiosis:Algae
  • In Euglena
    the effective stroke and the recovery stroke results in Forward movement
    associated with rotation around its axis
  • The mode of
    nutrition in Vorticella is Holozoic
  • Bioluminescence is usually associated with Pyrrophyta
  • Cyanobacteria
    form a variety of associations with bryophytes ranging from the almost
    accidental to close symbioses. Anthoceros ,the bryophyte that possesses this
    property
  • The exact
    role of the hetercysts in blue green algae? Nitrogen fixation
  • Green algal
    life cycle, where the somatic phase (plant) is haploid (gametophyte) while the
    diploid phase (sporophyte) is represented by zygote is called Haplontic,  found in.
    Ulothrix
  • algal
    division never produces motile, flagellated cells among any of its members: Rhodophyta

Classification of Algae by Fritsch

Economic Importance of Algae

  • Source of salad -Ulva
  • Source of iodine – Laminaria 
  • Material for photosynthesis research –
    Chlorella
  • To study nuclecytoplasmic interactions
    – Acetabularia
  • Carrageenin is obtained from the cell walls of
    algae: 
    Chondrus
    crispus
    (Irish moss)
  • Chlorella
    will fulfill
    the
    need of all vitamins except Ascorbic
    acid
  • Laminaria
    algae gives iodine
  • Agar-Gelidium, Graciliaria, Gigartina

Chlamydomonas

  • Isogamy, Anisogamy and Oogamy are
    found in different species of Chlamydomonas.
  • Antheridia
    and archaegonia are Sexual microgametes of Chlamydomonas.

Oedogonium

  • Asexual reproduction takes place by
    multi- flagellate zoospore, where flagella are arranged around the beak-like
    apical region.
  • Nannandrous species are always
    dioecious (heterothallic) i.e., antheridia and oogonia are borne on different
    filaments. In this type the antheridia develop on a very small filament termed
    as dwarf male or nannandrium.
  • The androspores, antherozoids and zoospores
    are morphologically alike but differ in their size and numbers

Polysiphonia

  • Polysiphonia, a red algae possess
    highly branched filaments each with a central axial filament supporting
    pericentral cells. The number of pericentral cells is 4–24.
  • The diploid zygote develops to become
    the carposporophyte, this is a separate phase of the life-cycle and is entirely
    parasitic on the female
  • The tetrasporophyte is diploid and
    produced spores in fours after meiosis
  • Branches of limited growth are called trichoblasts,
    spirally arranged, dichotomously branched, colourless and may develop both from
    main axis and long branches.
  • The diploid part of the cystocarp
    represents the carposporophyte. The carposporangium develops single
    diploid carpospores.
  • The non motile male spermatia are
    carried to the female by means of water currents in Polysiphonia



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