Notes on Angiosperm Morphology and Taxonomy microbiologystudy

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Some of them
have xylem vessels in their wood

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Scutellum in
Monocots: Scaly haustorial embryonic leaf

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Gynostegium relates to Fusion of
stamens with gynoecium

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In Wheat and rice : Pericarp is
fused with seed coat

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Leaf of Tamarindus indica is
Paripinnate

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In Smilax tendrils are Modified stipules

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Cladode -Asparagus

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Phylloclade – Opuntia

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Leaf tendril -Gloriosa

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 Stem tendril – Passiflora

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Stem tuber- potato

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Angiosperm: Heterosporous, Male
gametes are non motille

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Protandrous:  Androecium matures first

Fruits Samara fruit- Dioscorea	Inflorescence Hypanthodium- Ficus
Sorosis – Jack fruit	Spike- Achyranthus Spike – Ophioglossum
Hesperidium- Citrus sinensis	Capitulum consist of Ray florets and disc florets
Aggregate fruits – Annonaceae (Custard Apple)	Cyathium -Male flowers represented by stalked stamens
Caryopsis – Poaceae	Umbel- Flowers with stalks of equal length (Apiaceae)
Siliqua – Brassicaceae	Corymb – Older and younger flowers have stalks of different lengths
The dry, one seeded and indehiscent fruit with the pericarp and testa does not rupture when they fall on ground. The pericarp is membranous or leathery and free from seed coat or testa is known as: Achene	Hypanthodium – Peduncle is modified to a pear shaped structure
Legume : One chambered dry dehiscent fruit that dehisces along  the sutures  Legume – Fabaceae	The characteristic type of inflorescence of the Genus Arisaema : Spadix
Cyathium –Euphorbiaceae
Cypsela-Helianthus annuus

Plant Taxonomy Short Notes

Family

Asclepidceae Pollinia	Myrtaceae
Ranunculaceae	Melastomaceae
Verbanaceae rarely gynobasic
Magnoliaceae	Cucurbitaceae
Capparidaceae	Rubiaceae Paracytic stomata
Polygalaceae	Asteraceae Syngenecious anthers are present
Cryophyllaceae	Asclepiadaceae
Malvaceae Monothecous anther	Liliaceae
Commelinaceae	Arecaceae
Araceae	Orchidaceae
Cyperaceae	Boraginaceae
Poaceae The scaly membraneous perianth of graminae is  lodicule	Leguminosae 6 subfamilies
Scitamineae	Amaranthaceae
Lamiaceae Gynobasic style – Leucas aspera Verticellaster	Euphorbiaceae
Dipterocarpacae Trifid style
Nymphaceae Laminar stamen	Brassicaceae Siliqua is the characteristic fruit
Podostemaceae families is pseudo embryo sac present	·         Oblique placentation – Asclepiadaceae ·         Pollinium – Solanaceae

 

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Apocarpous pistil -Artabotrys
odoratissimus

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Petals are absent in Saraca Asoca

·   Chenopodiaceae, Portulacaceae, Aizoaceae,
Cactaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Stegnospermaceae, Basellaceae,
Amaranthaceae and Didieraceae,
which have been placed under a single, order Centrospermae based on the
chemotaxonomic marker Betalins. 

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Solanaceae: Carpels 2, syncarpous in an obliquely placed superior ovary
indicate

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Family having the ability to produce cyanogenic
glycosides as a chemotaxonomic marker character:  Rosaceae , Leguminosae, Poaceae

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Trees with resin; coracious leaves;
flower actionomorphic, hermaphrodite, sepals 5, polysepalous, persistent;
petals 5, polypetalous; stamens many in one to several whorls, slightly
polyandrous, carpels 3, syncarpous, superior; Fruit samara with persistent
sepals :  Dipetrocarpaceae

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Gigantic trees with an abundant resin;
coracious leaves; flower actionomorphic, hermaphrodite, hypogynous; sepals 5,
polysepalous, persistent; petals 5, polypetalous; stamens many in one to
several whorls, slightly polyandrous, carpels 3, syncarpous, superior; Fruit
samara enclosed in persistent sepals: Dipetrocarpaceae

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Verbanaceae: Gynoecium is bicarpellary, superior,
Ovary-2-4-celled, placentation axile, ovule 1 or 2 in each loculus,
Style-Simple, terminal, rarely gynobasic

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Polygalaceae: Flowers are irregular and bisexual, 5 sepals
but usually 3 green outer sepals and 2 petallike inner sepals. United petals,
usually fused with the stamens, and the lower petal is often fringed. There are
8 stamens, fused to the petals. The ovary is positioned superior. It consists
of 2 united carpels with the partition walls present, forming an equal number
of chambers. It matures as a capsule, nut, or drupe

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Actinomorphic, pentamerous, hypogynous
flowers with monadelphous stamen are characterstic features of Malvaceae

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The family/families possess(es)
accessory vascular bundles in the pith – medullary bundles, and in the cortex-
cortical bundles either in rings or irregularly: Amaranthaceae and Nyctaginaceae

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Labellum in
Orchidaceae comes to anterior side by the
twisting of the ovary through 180⁰. This process is called Resupination